Cabbage and fermented vegetables: From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Data de publicação: Data Ahead of Print:

Autores da FMUP

  • João De Almeida Lopes Da Fonseca

    Autor

  • Bernardo Manuel De Sousa Pinto

    Autor

Participantes de fora da FMUP

  • Bousquet, J
  • Fonseca, SC
  • Vidal, A
  • Latiff, AHA
  • Abdullah, B
  • Aberer, W
  • Abusada, N
  • Adcock, I
  • Afani, A
  • Agache, I
  • Aggelidis, X
  • Agustin, J
  • Akdis, CA
  • Akdis, M
  • Al-Ahmad, M
  • Bassam, AAZ
  • Alburdan, H
  • Aldrey-Palacios, O
  • Cuesta, EA
  • Salman, HA
  • Alzaabi, A
  • Amade, S
  • Ambrocio, G
  • Angles, R
  • Annesi-Maesano, I
  • Ansotegui, IJ
  • Anto, JM
  • Bardajo, PA
  • Arasi, S
  • Arrais, M
  • Arshad, H
  • Artesani, MC
  • Asayag, E
  • Avolio, F
  • Azhari, K
  • Bachert, C
  • Bagnasco, D
  • Baiardini, I
  • Bajrovic, N
  • Bakakos, P
  • Mongono, SB
  • Balotro-Torres, C
  • Barba, S
  • Barbara, C
  • Barbosa, E
  • Barreto, B
  • Bartra, J
  • Basagana, X
  • Bateman, ED
  • Battur, L
  • Bedbrook, A
  • Barajas, MB
  • Beghé, B
  • Bekere, A
  • Bel, E
  • Ben Kheder, A
  • Benson, M
  • Berghea, EC
  • Bergmann, KC
  • Bernardini, R
  • Bernstein, D
  • Bewick, M
  • Bialek, S
  • Bialoszewski, A
  • Bieber, T
  • Billo, NE
  • Bilo, MB
  • Bindslev-Jensen, C
  • Bjermer, L
  • Blain, H
  • Bobolea, I
  • Marciniak, MB
  • Bond, C
  • Boner, A
  • Bonini, M
  • Bonini, S
  • Bosnic-Anticevich, S
  • Bosse, I
  • Botskariova, S
  • Bouchard, J
  • Boulet, LP
  • Bourret, R
  • Bousquet, P
  • Braido, F
  • Briggs, A
  • Brightling, CE
  • Brozek, J
  • Brussino, L
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  • Bumbacea, R
  • Buquicchio, R
  • Cabañas, MTB
  • Bush, A
  • Busse, WW
  • Buters, J
  • Caballero-Fonseca, F
  • Calderon, MA
  • Calvo, M
  • Camargos, P
  • Camuzat, T
  • Canevari, FR
  • Cano, A
  • Canonica, GW
  • Capriles-Hulett, A
  • Caraballo, L
  • Cardona, V
  • Carlsen, KH
  • Pirez, JC
  • Caro, J
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  • Carreon-Asuncion, F
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  • Ribas, CCY
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  • ARIA Grp

Unidades de investigação

Abstract

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.

© 2020 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Dados da publicação

ISSN/ISSNe:
0105-4538, 1398-9995

ALLERGY  Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Tipo:
Review
Páginas:
735-750
Link para outro recurso:
www.scopus.com

Citações Recebidas na Web of Science: 68

Citações Recebidas na Scopus: 97

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Keywords

  • angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; cabbage; COVID-19; diet; fermented vegetable; kimchi; Lactobacillus; sulforaphane

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