Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Data de publicação: 04/06/2020

Autores da FMUP

Joana Filipa Campos Araújo

Autor
Ana Azevedo Cardoso Oliveira

Autor
Nuno Miguel De Sousa Lunet

Autor
Altamiro Manuel Rodrigues Da Costa Pereira

Autor

Participantes de fora da FMUP

Taddei, C
Zhou, B
Bixby, H
Carrillo-Larco, RM
Danaei, G
Jackson, R
Farzadfar, F
Sophiea, MK
Di Cesare, M
Iurilli, MLC
Martinez, AR
Asghari, G
Dhana, K
Gulayin, P
Kakarmath, S
Santero, M
Voortman, T
Riley, LM
Cowan, MJ
Savin, S
Bennett, JE
Stevens, GA
Paciorek, CJ
Aekplakorn, W
Cifkova, R
Giampaoli, S
Kengne, AP
Khang, YH
Kuulasmaa, K
Laxmaiah, A
Margozzini, P
Mathur, P
Nordestgaard, BG
Zhao, D
Aadahl, M
Abarca-Gómez, L
Rahim, HA
Abu-Rmeileh, NM
Acosta-Cazares, B
Adams, RJ
Agdeppa, IA
Aghazadeh-Attari, J
Aguilar-Salinas, CA
Agyemang, C
Ahluwalia, TS
Ahmad, NA
Ahmadi, A
Ahmadi, N
Ahmed, SH
Ahrens, W
Ajlouni, K
Alarouj, M
AlBuhairan, F
AlDhukair, S
Ali, MM
Alkandari, A
Alkerwi, A
Aly, E
Amarapurkar, DN
Amouyel, P
Andersen, LB
Anderssen, SA
Anjana, RM
Ansari-Moghaddam, A
Aounallah-Skhiri, H
Ariansen, I
Aris, T
Arku, RE
Arlappa, N
Aryal, KK
Aspelund, T
Assunçao, MCF
Auvinen, J
Avdicovà, M
Azizi, F
Azmin, M
Balakrishna, N
Bamoshmoosh, M
Banach, M
Bandosz, P
Banegas, JR
Barbagallo, CM
Barceló, A
Barkat, A
Bata, I
Batieha, AM
Batyrbek, A
Baur, LA
Beaglehole, R
Belavendra, A
Ben Romdhane, H
Benet, M
Benn, M
Berkinbayev, S
Bernabe-Ortiz, A
Bernotiene, G
Bettiol, H
Bhargava, SK
Bi, YF
Bienek, A
Bikbov, M
Bista, B
Bjerregaard, P
Bjertness, E
Bjertness, MB
Björkelund, C
Bloch, K
Blokstra, A
Bo, S
Boehm, BO
Boggia, JG
Boissonnet, CP
Bonaccio, M
Bongard, V
Borchini, R
Borghs, H
Bovet, P
Brajkovich, I
Breckenkamp, J
Brenner, H
Brewster, LM
Bruno, G
Bugge, A
Busch, MA
de León, AC
Cacciottolo, J
Can, G
Cândido, APC
Capanzana, M
Capuano, E
Capuano, V
Cardoso, VC
Carvalho, J
Casanueva, FF
Censi, L
Chadjigeorgiou, CA
Chamukuttan, S
Chaturvedi, N
Chen, CJ
Chen, FF
Chen, SH
Cheng, CY
Cheraghian, B
Chetrit, A
Chiou, ST
Chirlaque, MD
Cho, BL
Cho, YM
Chudek, J
Claessens, F
Clarke, J
Clays, E
Concin, H
Confortin, SC
Cooper, C
Costanzo, S
Cottel, D
Cowell, C
Crujeiras, AB
Csilla, S
Cui, LF
Cureau, F
D'Arrigo, G
d'Orsi, E
Dallongeville, J
Damasceno, A
Dankner, R
Dantoft, TM
Dauchet, L
Davletov, K
De Backer, G
De Bacquer, D
de Gaetano, G
De Henauw, S
de Oliveira, PD
De Ridder, D
De Smedt, D
Deepa, M
Deev, AD
Dehghan, A
Delisle, H
Dennison, E
Deschamps, V
Dhimal, M
Di Castelnuovo, AF
Dika, Z
Djalalinia, S
Dobson, AJ
Donfrancesco, C
Donoso, SP
Döring, A
Dorobantu, M
Dragano, N
Drygas, W
Du, Y
Duante, CA
Duda, RB
Dzerve, V
Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E
Eddie, R
Eftekhar, E
Eggertsen, R
Eghtesad, S
Eiben, G
Ekelund, U
El Ati, J
Eldemire-Shearer, D
Eliasen, M
Elosua, R
Erasmus, RT
Erbel, R
Erem, C
Eriksen, L
Eriksson, JG
Escobedo-de la Peña, J
Eslami, S
Esmaeili, A
Evans, A
Faeh, D
Fall, CH
Faramarzi, E
Farjam, M
Fattahi, MR
Felix-Redondo, FJ
Ferguson, TS
Fernandez-Berges, D
Ferrante, D
Ferrari, M
Ferreccio, C
Ferrieres, J
Föger, B
Foo, LH
Forslund, AS
Forsner, M
Fouad, HM
Francis, DK
Franco, MD
Franco, OH
Frontera, G
Fujita, Y
Fumihiko, M
Furusawa, T
Gaciong, Z
Galvano, F
Gao, JL
Garcia-de-la-Hera, M
Garnett, SP
Gaspoz, JM
Gasull, M
Gazzinelli, A
Geleijnse, JM
Ghanbari, A
Ghasemi, E
Gheorghe-Fronea, OF
Ghimire, A
Gianfagna, F
Gill, TK
Giovannelli, J
Gironella, G
Giwercman, A
Goltzman, D
Gonçalves, H
Gonzalez-Chica, DA
Gonzalez-Gross, M
González-Rivas, JP
González-Villalpando, C
González-Villalpando, ME
Gonzalez, AR
Gottrand, F
Graff-Iversen, S
Gregor, RD
Grodzicki, T
Grontved, A
Grosso, G
Gruden, G
Gu, DF
Guallar-Castillón, P
Guan, OP
Gudmundsson, EF
Gudnason, V
Guerrero, R
Guessous, I
Gunnlaugsdottir, J
Gupta, R
Gutierrez, L
Gutzwiller, F
Ha, S
Hadaegh, F
Haghshenas, R
Hakimi, H
Hambleton, IR
Hamzeh, B
Hantunen, S
Kumar, RH
Hashemi-Shahri, SM
Hata, J
Haugsgjerd, T
Hayes, AJ
He, J
He, Y
Hendriks, ME
Henriques, A
Herrala, S
Heshmat, R
Hill, AG
Ho, SY
Ho, SC
Hobbs, M
Hofman, A
Homayounfar, R
Hopman, WM
Horimoto, ARVR
Hormiga, CM
Horta, BL
Houti, L
Howitt, C
Htay, TT
Htet, AS
Htike, MMT
Huerta, JM
Huhtaniemi, IT
Huisman, M
Hunsberger, ML
Husseini, AS
Huybrechts, I
Hwalla, N
Iacoviello, L
Iannone, AG
Ibrahim, MM
Wong, NI
Iglesia, I
Ikeda, N
Ikram, MA
Iotova, V
Irazola, VE
Ishida, T
Islam, M
Ismail, AA
Iwasaki, M
Jacobs, JM
Jaddou, HY
Jafar, T
James, K
Jamrozik, K
Janszky, I
Janus, E
Jarvelin, MR
Jasienska, G
Jelakovic, A
Jelakovic, B
Jennings, G
Jensen, GB
Jeong, SL
Jha, AK
Jiang, CQ
Jimenez, RO
Jöckel, KH
Joffres, M
Jokelainen, JJ
Jonas, JB
Jorgensen, T
Joshi, P
Joukar, F
Józwiak, J
Juolevi, A
Kafatos, A
Kajantie, EO
Kalter-Leibovici, O
Kamaruddin, NA
Kamstrup, PR
Karki, KB
Katz, J
Kauhanen, J
Kaur, P
Kavousi, M
Kazakbaeva, G
Keil, U
Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S
Kelishadi, R
Keramati, M
Kerimkulova, A
Kersting, M
Khader, YS
Khalili, D
Khateeb, M
Kheradmand, M
Khosravi, A
Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U
Kiechl, S
Killewo, J
Kim, HC
Kim, J
Kim, YY
Klumbiene, J
Knoflach, M
Ko, S
Kohler, HP
Kohler, I
Kolle, E
Kolsteren, P
König, J
Korpelainen, R
PaulKorrovits
Kos, J
Koskinen, S
Kouda, K
Kowlessur, S
Kratzer, W
Kriemler, S
Kristensen, PL
Krokstad, S
Kromhout, D
Kujala, UM
Kurjata, P
Kyobutungi, C
Laamiri, FZ
Laatikainen, T
Lachat, C
Laid, Y
Lam, TH
Lambrinou, CP
Lanska, V
Lappas, G
Larijani, B
Latt, TS
Laugsand, LE
Lazo-Porras, M
Lee, J
Lee, J
Lehmann, N
Lehtimäki, T
Levitt, NS
Li, YP
Lilly, CL
Lim, WY
Lima-Costa, MF
Lin, HH
Lin, X
Lin, YT
Lind, L
Linneberg, A
Lissner, L
Liu, J
Loit, HM
Lopez-Garcia, E
Lopez, T
Lotufo, PA
Lozano, JE
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Lundqvist, A
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Ma, GS
Machado-Coelho, GLL
Machado-Rodrigues, AM
Machi, S
Madar, AA
Maggi, S
Magliano, DJ
Magriplis, E
Mahasampath, G
Maire, B
Makdisse, M
Malekzadeh, F
Malekzadeh, R
Rao, KM
Manios, Y
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Mansour-Ghanaei, F
Manzato, E
Marques-Vidal, P
Martorell, R
Mascarenhas, LP
Mathiesen, EB
Matsha, TE
Mavrogianni, C
McFarlane, SR
McGarvey, ST
McLachlan, S
McLean, RM
McLean, SB
McNulty, BA
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Mehdipour, P
Mehlig, K
Mehrparvar, A
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Meisinger, C
Menezes, AMB
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Meshram, II
Metcalf, P
Meyer, HE
Mi, J
Michels, N
Miller, JC
Minderico, CS
Mini, GK
Miquel, JF
Miranda, JJ
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Mirrakhimov, E
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Moghaddam, SS
Mohajer, B
Mohamed, M
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Mohammadifard, N
Mohammadpourhodki, R
Mohan, V
Mohanna, S
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Mollehave, LT
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Morgan, K
Morin, SN
Moschonis, G
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Mostafa, A
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Motlagh, ME
Motta, J
Msyamboza, KP
Muiesan, ML
Müller-Nurasyid, M
Mursu, J
Mustafa, N
Nabipour, I
Naderimagham, S
Nagel, G
Naidu, BM
Najafi, F
Nakamura, H
Nang, EEK
Nangia, VB
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Nejatizadeh, A
Nenko, I
Nervi, F
Nguyen, ND
Nguyen, QN
Nieto-Martínez, RE
Nihal, T
Niiranen, TJ
Ning, G
Ninomiya, T
Noale, M
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Nuhoglu, I
O'Neill, TW
O'Reilly, D
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Pigeot, I
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Piwonska, A
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Plans-Rubió, P
Plata, S
Pohlabeln, H
Porta, M
Portegies, MLP
Poudyal, A
Pourfarzi, F
Poustchi, H
Pradeepa, R
Price, JF
Providencia, R
Puder, JJ
Puhakka, SE
Punab, M
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Reganit, PFM
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Richter, A
Rigo, F
de Wit, TFR
Rodríguez-Artalejo, F
Rodriguez-Perez, MD
Rodríguez-Villamizar, LA
Roggenbuck, U
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Rosengren, A
Roy, JGR
Rubinstein, A
Ruidavets, JB
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Scazufca, M
Schaan, BD
Schargrodsky, H
Scheidt-Nave, C
Schienkiewitz, A
Schipf, S
Schmidt, CO
Schöttker, B
Schramm, S
Sebert, S
Sein, AA
Sen, A
Sepanlou, SG
Servais, J
Shakeri, R
Shalnova, SA
Shamah-Levy, T
Sharafkhah, M
Sharma, SK
Shaw, JE
Shayanrad, A
Shi, ZM
Shibuya, K
Shimizu-Furusawa, H
Shin, DW
Shin, Y
Shirani, M
Shiri, R
Shrestha, N
Si-Ramlee, K
Siani, A
Siantar, R
Sibai, AM
Silva, DAS
Simon, M
Simons, J
Simons, LA
Sjöström, M
Skaaby, T
Slowikowska-Hilczer, J
Slusarczyk, P
Smeeth, L
Snijder, MB
Söderberg, S
Soemantri, A
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Solfrizzi, V
Somi, MH
Sonestedt, E
Sorensen, TIA
Jerome, CS
Soumaré, A
Sozmen, K
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Staessen, JA
Stathopoulou, MG
Stavreski, B
Steene-Johannessen, J
Stehle, P
Stein, AD
Stessman, J
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Stieber, J
Stockl, D
Stokwiszewski, J
Stronks, K
Strufaldi, MW
Suárez-Medina, R
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Sundström, J
Suriyawongpaisal, P
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Sylva, RC
Szklo, M
Tai, ES
Tamosiunas, A
Tan, E
Tarawneh, MR
Tarqui-Mamani, CB
Taylor, A
Taylor, J
Tell, GS
Tello, T
Thankappan, KR
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Toft, U
Tolonen, HK
Tolstrup, JS
Topbas, M
Topor-Madry, R
Tormo, MJ
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Torrent, M
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Traissac, P
Trinh, OTH
Truthmann, J
Tsugane, S
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Ueda, P
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Valdivia, G
Valvi, D
van Dam, R
van der Schouw, YT
Van Herck, K
Van Minh, H
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Van Schoor, NM
van Valkengoed, IGM
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Vanuzzo, D
Varbo, A
Varona-Pérez, P
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MoniqueVerschuren, WM
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Virtanen, JK
Visvikis-Siest, S
Viswanathan, B
Vlasoff, T
Vollenweider, P
Voutilainen, A
Wade, AN
Wagner, A
Walton, J
Bebakar, WMW
WanMohamud, WN
Wang, MD
Wang, NL
Wang, Q
Wang, YX
Wang, YW
Wannamethee, SG
Wedderkopp, N
Wei, WB
Whincup, PH
Widhalm, K
Widyahening, IS
Wiecek, A
Wijga, AH
Wilks, RJ
Willeit, J
Willeit, P
Wilsgaard, T
Wojtyniak, B
Wong-McClure, RA
Wong, A
Wong, TY
Woo, J
Woodward, M
Wu, FC
Wu, SL
Xu, HQ
Xu, L
Yan, WL
Yang, XG
Yasuharu, T
Ye, XW
Yeow, TP
Yiallouros, PK
Yoosefi, M
Yoshihara, A
You, SL
Younger-Coleman, NO
Yusoff, AF
Zainuddin, AA
Zakavi, SR
Zali, MR
Zamani, F
Zambon, S
Zampelas, A
KoZaw, K
Zdrojewski, T
Vrkic, TZ
Zhang, ZY
Zhao, WH
Zhen, SQ
Zheng, YF
Zholdin, B
Zhussupov, B
Zoghlami, N
Cisneros, JZ
Gregg, EW
Ezzati, M

Unidades de investigação

Abstract

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.

Dados da publicação

ISSN/ISSNe:: 1476-4687, 0028-0836
Tipo:: Article
Páginas:: 73-77
DOI:: 10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1
PubMed:: 32494083
Link para outro recurso:: www.scopus.com

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Keywords

Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bayes Theorem; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Internationality; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Stroke; Triglycerides; Young Adult; Arctic; Australasia; Europe; Greenland; North America; Southeast Asia; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; blood; chemical compound; lipid; nutrition; protein; public health; adult; age distribution; Article; Australia and New Zealand; brain ischemia; cardiovascular mortality; cardiovascular risk; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; disease burden; Europe; female; geographic distribution; high income country; human; lipid analysis; lipid blood level; low income country; male; middle income country; mortality rate; North America; population research; priority journal; sex ratio; Southeast Asia; trend study; young adult; adolescent; aged; Bayes theorem; blood; cereb