The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Prostate Cancer

Autores da FMUP

• Raquel Ângela Silva Soares Lino

  Autor

Participantes de fora da FMUP

• Sousa, AP
• Costa, R
• Alves, MG
• Baylina, P
• Fernandes, R

Unidades de investigação

• Biomedicina

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common type of cancer in men worldwide in 2020. Despite its low death rate, the need for new therapies or prevention strategies is critical. The prostate carcinogenesis process is complex and multifactorial. PCa is caused by a variety of mutations and carcinogenic events that constitutes the disease?s multifactorial focus, capable of not only remodeling cellular activity, but also modeling metabolic pathways to allow adaptation to the nutritional requirements of the tumor, creating a propitious microenvironment. Some risk factors have been linked to the development of PCa, including Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). MetS is intrinsically related to PCa carcinogenic development, increasing its aggressiveness. On the other hand, T2DM has the opposite impact, although in other carcinomas its effect is similar to the MetS. Although these two metabolic disorders may share some developmental processes, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, their influence on PCa prognosis appears to have an inverse effect, which makes this a paradox. Understanding the phenomena behind this paradoxical behavior may lead to new concepts into the comprehension of the diseases, as well as to evaluate new therapeutical targets. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the impact of metabolic disorders in PCa?s aggressiveness state and metabolism. Copyright ? 2022 Sousa, Costa, Alves, Soares, Baylina and Fernandes.

Keywords

• 3(or 17)beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; androgen receptor; annexin; CD82 antigen; cell adhesion molecule; checkpoint kinase 2; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; cytochrome P450 family 17; epidermal growth factor; epidermal growth factor receptor; glutathione transferase; hepsin; Hermes antigen; homeodomain protein; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase; insulin; integrin; interleukin 6; kruppel like factor 6; macrophage receptor scavenger 1; nerve growth factor; phosphodiesterase; prostate stem cell antigen; protein kinase Pim 1; protein p53; ribonuclease L; scavenger receptor; sex hormone; somatomedin; STAT5 protein; steroid 5alpha reductase 2; tensin; toll like receptor 4; tyrosine kinase receptor; unclassified drug; uvomorulin; vasculotropin; zinc phosphodiesterase elac protein 2; adipose tissue; age; amino acid metabolism; atrial fibrillation; B cell lymphoma; cancer radiotherapy; cancer screening; cancer susceptibility; chol